Government Warnings US FDA's Warning on Kava & Liver Damage, Mar 2002 Reviews of the Data Evaluation of the effects of Kava on the Liver, by Dr J. Malani Is kava really hepatotoxic?, by M. Schmidt Kava: The Unfolding Story

"To date there are no reports of adverse reactions related to hepatic [liver] dysfunction associated with the use of kava in the U.S. or Canada." M Blumenthal American Botanical Council Jan, 2002

Opinions Disputing Kava Causes Liver Damage Ethnobotanist Disputes Liver Damage Claim - Honolulu Advertiser Awa and the Liver, Ed Johnston AHA, April 2002 Dr Ray Sahelian's Views on Kava & Liver Damage Dr Hylla Class's Views on Kava & Liver Damage, April 2, 2002 Toxicologist Concludes Kava Does Not Damage Liver, April 2002 Kava's Link to Liver Disease Questionable, another report on Waller's Findings, 2002 Link & Article Collections Kava Kauai's Kava & Liver Information & Links Secretariat of the Pacific Community Kava Page Kava-Related Organization Position Statements Secretariat of the Pacific Community Public Statement by Kava Industry Reps at Pacific Herbs Business Forum Reaction from Univ of Hawaii College of Tropical Agriculture, Bittenbender, Mar 2002 NEWS Researchers Propose Explanation of Kava-extract health problem, April 2003 Kava warnings cripple state's industry, March 26, 2002 Kava May Cause Liver Damage, WebMD Controversy over Kava Use, Ke Alaka'i Kava Banned in Switzerland, Sep 2001 (trans. from German) German Law Change, Nov 2001 (trans. from German) Technical Resources Kava Chemistry & Toxicology Executive Summary (technical) Kava Journal Articles on Health & Toxicity

"According to the sales figures of the German Institute of Medicinal Statistics, approximately 250 million daily doses of kava were sold during the last 10 years in German speaking countries. Correlated to this estimation, the probability of ethanolic kava extracts being responsible for hepatic adverse effects was calculated to 0.008 cases in one million of daily doses." Dr. Mathias Schmidt November 2002

Journal Articles
Kava-induced fulminant hepatic failure, Campo 2002
Kava References


Kava Lawsuits
The somewhat disturbing US trend towards litigation in how quickly webpages and sites dedicated to promoting lawsuits against kava sellers can be seen by simply searching google on kava and looking at the paid advertisements for kava lawsuits. Or search on "kava lawsuit" to see what comes up.